A sprained ankle happens when the joint gets twisted sharply, causing the ligaments to stretch or tear. It usually affects the lateral collateral ligament. A sprain often happens when we trip on uneven ground or when playing sport. Treatment involves physiotherapy, but if that does not work then surgery is recommended. The ligament is repaired using arthroscopic surgery to reconstruct the anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament.
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A ruptured Achilles tendon is a common sporting injury, but it can also be caused by taking certain medications. It is felt as a sharp and very painful blow to the back of the ankle, with immediate loss of function. It can be treated with orthopaedic measures (immobilisation in a resin cast) or with surgery (open or percutaneous sutures).
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A Haglund’s Deformity happens when the Achilles tendon becomes irritated at the point where it attaches to the calcaneus (heel bone). It results in a bony enlargement at the back of the foot, causing sharp pain in the heel. The enlargement gradually leads to retrocalcaneal bursitis, which can become very painful. The area rubs on the stiff back of shoes, creating pressure and irritating that part of the heel. It should initially be given medical treatment, but if that fails then surgery is an option.
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